FIP 2014/270 - Sign. - Scheme of arrangement (High Court of Justice 3 december 2013, «JOR» 2014/181, m.nt. mr. P.J.M. Declercq)
Aflevering 6, gepubliceerd op 20-09-2014 The fact that a foreign company would not be wound up by the English court in the circumstances prevailing at the time of the scheme, is not a bar to the court sanctioning the scheme, provided that there is a sufficient connection with this jurisdiction. In this case, however, not only is the company registered in the Netherlands but the Notes are governed not by English law but by New York law. The purpose of this scheme is to affect the rights enjoyed by the Note Creditors under New York law by exchanging the existing notes for new notes and equity. The court will not generally make any order which has no substantial effect and, before the court will sanction a scheme, it will need to be satisfied that the scheme will achieve its purpose. The case made by the company on the present application is that the requirements for a sufficient connection with the jurisdiction and for the scheme achieving its purpose can be satisfied. Steps were taken from mid-August 2013, some time before the application to convene the meeting of creditors was issued, but in anticipation of it, to move the centre of main interests (COMI) of the company from the Netherlands to England. Detailed evidence has been provided to the Court that as at the date of the application and for some time before then, the COMI was located in England for the purposes of Council Regulation (EC) No 1346/2000 (the Insolvency Regulation), as interpreted by decisions of the European Court of Justice of May 2 2006 («JOR» 2006/224) and of October 20 2011 («JOR» 2012/30). As the only practical alternative to the restructuring proposed in the scheme or some other restructuring would be a formal insolvency process for the company, it follows that the insolvency would proceed under English law and in the English Courts. The detailed expert evidence of US law establishes that it is likely that the US Courts would, under Chapter 15 of the US Bankruptcy Code which gives effect to the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency, recognise and give effect to the scheme, notwithstanding that it alters and replaces rights governed by New York law. Similarly, there is expert evidence that the courts of the Netherlands would recognise and give effect to the scheme, as would the courts of Hungary where some of the guaranteeing companies and secured assets are located. I am inclined to the view that the requirement to show a connection with England and the need to show that the scheme, if approved, will have a substantial effect are not wholly separate questions but, if not aspects of the same question, at least closely related. Although in theory a winding up order against a foreign company has as a matter of English law worldwide effect, the courts have always recognised that in practice its effect will be confined to the United Kingdom. The presence of assets within the jurisdiction is but the most obvious example of a connection which will give practical effect to a winding up order. Likewise, the presence in England of substantial assets belonging to a company proposing a scheme with its creditors could in an appropriate case provide the requisite connection, because the scheme if sanctioned would have the practical affect of preventing execution by the relevant creditors against those assets, save in accordance with the terms of the scheme. The presence of a sufficient number of creditors in England subject to the personal jurisdiction of the court might also supply the necessary connection, as those creditors would be bound to act in accordance with the scheme, both within and outside the jurisdiction. The importance of the connection provided in cases where the rights of creditors are governed by English law lies in the effect which foreign courts may be expected to give to an alteration of those rights in accordance with English law. In the present case, the significance of moving the COMI of the company to England again lies not so much in the establishment in the abstract of a connection between the company and England but, on the basis that any insolvency process for the company would be undertaken under English law in England, providing a solid basis and background for a scheme under English law which altered contractual rights governed by a foreign law. On any footing, the circumstances of this case and the evidence filed in support of the application establish that there exists a sufficient connection with England and that the scheme will substantially achieve its purpose.